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🔸 TLDR Characterization tests capture what legacy code actually does today—bugs and all—so you can refactor with confidence. First, lock in current behavior with tests; then improve the design under that protective net. 🛡️ 🔸 WHAT IS A CHARACTERIZATION TEST? ▪️ A test that documents...

🔸 TL;DR A “divergent change” smell happens when a single class/module must be edited for unrelated reasons (new field here, new format there, another endpoint later). It violates SRP, slows delivery, and breeds bugs. Slice responsibilities: extract classes/modules, group by reason-to-change,...

🍁 Hello dear Fullstackers! A new month begins — and with it, a chance to go beyond backend. 🚀 This edition is all about expanding horizons: not just writing code, but understanding the bigger picture — streaming, cloud-native design, agility, and teamwork. In this week’s newsletter, you’ll...