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Java localization

· java

ResourceBundle

ResourceBundle class is used to store text and objects which are locale-sensitive.

Generally, we use property files to store locale-specific text and then represent them using a ResourceBundle object.

―Given two properties files:

Messages_en_US.properties containing

message=Hello world!

Messages_fr_FR.properties containing

message=Bonjour le monde!

―Given the resource bundle:

ResourceBundle bundle = ResourceBundle.getBundle("Messages", Locale.US);

―We can use the resource bundle to get value in the selected language (here French or English).

import java.util.Locale;

import java.util.ResourceBundle;




public class LocalizationFrUSTest {

   public static void main(String[] args) {

      ResourceBundle bundle = ResourceBundle.getBundle("Messages", Locale.US);  

      System.out.println("Message in "+Locale.US +": "+bundle.getString("message"));  

      //Message in en_US: Hello world!




      bundle = ResourceBundle.getBundle("Messages", Locale.FRANCE);  

      System.out.println("Message in "+Locale.FRANCE +": "+bundle.getString("message"));

      //Message in fr_FR: Bonjour le monde!

   }

}

Locale class

―Define:

A Locale class object represents a specific geographical/political/cultural region.

Any operation requiring a Locale to perform its task is called locale-sensitive operation,

and uses the Locale to master information relative to the user.

Locale contains: Language, Script, Country, Variant, Extensions

―Snippet:

public class LocaleTest{


   public static void main(String[] args) {


      Locale l=Locale.getDefault();  


      //Default Locale Properties:
      out(l.getDisplayCountry());
      //United States
      out(l.getDisplayLanguage());
      //English
      out(l.getDisplayName());
      //English (United States)
      out(l.getISO3Country());
      //USA
      out(l.getISO3Language());
      //eng
      out(l.getLanguage());
      //en
      out(l.getCountry());
      //US


      Locale frL = new Locale("fr","fr");


      //fr Locale Properties:
      out(frL.getDisplayCountry());
      //France
      out(frL.getDisplayLanguage());
      //French
      out(frL.getDisplayName());
      //French (France)
      out(frL.getISO3Country());
      //FRA
      out(frL.getISO3Language());
      //fra
      out(frL.getLanguage());
      //fr
      out(frL.getCountry());
      //FR
   }


   static void out(String s) {


    System.out.println(s);


   }


}

Display setting

―Define:

It is possible to independently set the default locale for the display setting that is used in menus and dialogs. Introduced in the Java SE 7 release, the

Locale.getDefault(Locale.Category)

method takes a Locale.Category parameter. Passing the DISPLAY enum returns the default locale used by the UI.

//Locale.getDefault(Locale.Category.DISPLAY);

The corresponding

setDefault(Locale.Category, Locale)

method allows setting the locale for the desired category.

//Locale.setDefault(Locale.Category.DISPLAY, new Locale("fr", "FR"));

The no-argument getDefault method returns the DISPLAY default value.

//Locale.getDefault();

On the Windows platform, these default values are initialized according to the settings in the Windows control panel.

―Snippet:

public class LocaleTest{
     public static void main(String[] args) {
          Locale defaultLocale = Locale.getDefault();    
          System.out.println(defaultLocale.getDisplayLanguage());
          //English

          Locale frLocale = new Locale("fr", "FR"); 
          System.out.println(defaultLocale.getDisplayLanguage(frLocale));
          //anglais
      }
}

NumberFormat

―Given:

static void out(Object str) {

  System.out.println(str);

}

―We have

Locale da = new Locale("da", "DK");




NumberFormat fmt = NumberFormat.getInstance(da);
out(fmt.format(100.76));
// 100,76
fmt = NumberFormat.getInstance(en);
out(fmt.format(100.76));
// 100.76


// CURRENCIES
fmt = NumberFormat.getCurrencyInstance(da);
out(fmt.format(100.76));
// kr 100,76
fmt = NumberFormat.getCurrencyInstance(en);
out(fmt.format(100.76));
// $100.76


// PERCENTAGE
fmt = NumberFormat.getPercentInstance(en);
out(fmt.format(0.76));
// 76%


// DIGIT
fmt = NumberFormat.getInstance(en);
fmt.setMinimumIntegerDigits(2);
fmt.setMaximumIntegerDigits(3);
fmt.setMinimumFractionDigits(2);
fmt.setMaximumFractionDigits(3);
out(fmt.format(12234.763443));
// 234.763


// ROUNDING
fmt = NumberFormat.getInstance(en);
fmt.setMinimumFractionDigits(0);
fmt.setMaximumFractionDigits(0);
out(fmt.format(99.50));
// 100
fmt.setRoundingMode(RoundingMode.HALF_DOWN);
out(fmt.format(99.50));
// 99


// PARSING
fmt = NumberFormat.getInstance(da);
out(fmt.parse("100,76"));
// 100,76
fmt = NumberFormat.getInstance(en);
out(fmt.parse("100,76"));
// 10076

DecimalFormat

―Given

Section image

and

static String pattern = "";

	static DecimalFormat fmt = new DecimalFormat(pattern);

	static void out(Object str) {
		System.out.println(str);
	}

	static void set(DecimalFormat fmt, String pattern) {
		Test.fmt = new DecimalFormat(pattern);
		Test.fmt.applyPattern(pattern);
	}

	static void set2(DecimalFormat fmt, String pattern) {
		Test.fmt = fmt;
		Test.fmt.applyPattern(pattern);
	
    }

―We have

out("INTRO");
set(fmt, "####,####.##");
double nb = 123456789.123;
out(nb);
// 1.23456789123E8
out(fmt.format(nb));
// 1,2345,6789.12


out("PATTERN");
// pattern ###.###
set(fmt, "###.###");
out(fmt.format(nb));
// 123456789.123
// pattern ###.#
set(fmt, "###.#");
out(fmt.format(nb));
// 123456789.1
// pattern ###,###.##
set(fmt, "###,###.##");
out(fmt.format(nb));
// 123,456,789.12
// pattern 000.###
nb = 9.34;
set(fmt, "000.###");
out(fmt.format(nb));
// 009.34


out("LOCALE");
set(fmt, "###.##");
nb = 123.45;
Locale en = new Locale("en", "US");
Locale da = new Locale("da", "DK");
fmt = (DecimalFormat) NumberFormat.getNumberInstance(en);
set2(fmt, "###.##");
out(fmt.format(nb));
// 123.45
fmt = (DecimalFormat) NumberFormat.getNumberInstance(da);
set2(fmt, "###.##");
out(fmt.format(nb));
// 123,45


out("SEPARATOR");
set(fmt, "#,###.###");
nb = 126473.4567;
out(fmt.format(nb));
// 126,473.457
DecimalFormatSymbols sep = new DecimalFormatSymbols();
sep.setDecimalSeparator(';');
sep.setGroupingSeparator(':');
fmt = new DecimalFormat(pattern, sep);
out(fmt.format(nb));
// 126:473;457


out("GROUPING");
set(fmt, "");
fmt.setGroupingSize(2);
out(fmt.format(nb));
//12,64,73.4567

DateFormat

java.text.DateFormat class formats dates as per the locale. As different countries use different formats to display dates. This class is extremely useful in dealing with dates in the internationalization of applications.

// DATE
Locale loc = new Locale("da", "DK");
DateFormat fmt = DateFormat.getDateInstance();
out(fmt.format(new Date()));
// Mar 2, 2020
fmt = DateFormat.getDateInstance(DateFormat.DEFAULT, loc);
out(fmt.format(new Date()));
// 2. mar. 2020




// PATTERNS
fmt = DateFormat.getDateInstance(DateFormat.DEFAULT);
out(fmt.format(new Date()));
// Mar 2, 2020
fmt = DateFormat.getDateInstance(DateFormat.SHORT);
out(fmt.format(new Date()));
// 3/2/20
fmt = DateFormat.getDateInstance(DateFormat.MEDIUM);
out(fmt.format(new Date()));
// Mar 2, 2020
fmt = DateFormat.getDateInstance(DateFormat.LONG);
out(fmt.format(new Date()));
// March 2, 2020
fmt = DateFormat.getDateInstance(DateFormat.FULL);
out(fmt.format(new Date()));
// Monday, March 2, 2020




// TIME
fmt = DateFormat.getTimeInstance(DateFormat.DEFAULT);
out(fmt.format(new Date()));
// 4:12:49 AM
fmt = DateFormat.getTimeInstance(DateFormat.SHORT);
out(fmt.format(new Date()));
// 4:12 AM
fmt = DateFormat.getTimeInstance(DateFormat.MEDIUM);
out(fmt.format(new Date()));
// 4:12:49 AM
fmt = DateFormat.getTimeInstance(DateFormat.LONG);
out(fmt.format(new Date()));
// 4:12:49 AM CET
fmt = DateFormat.getTimeInstance(DateFormat.FULL);
out(fmt.format(new Date()));
// 4:12:49 AM Central European Standard Time




// DATE & TIME
fmt = DateFormat.getDateTimeInstance(DateFormat.DEFAULT, DateFormat.DEFAULT);
out(fmt.format(new Date()));
// Mar 2, 2020, 4:14:57 AM
fmt = DateFormat.getDateTimeInstance(DateFormat.SHORT, DateFormat.SHORT);
out(fmt.format(new Date()));
// 3/2/20, 4:14 AM
fmt = DateFormat.getDateTimeInstance(DateFormat.MEDIUM, DateFormat.MEDIUM);
out(fmt.format(new Date()));
// Mar 2, 2020, 4:14:57 AM
fmt = DateFormat.getDateTimeInstance(DateFormat.LONG, DateFormat.LONG);
out(fmt.format(new Date()));
// March 2, 2020 at 4:14:57 AM CET
fmt = DateFormat.getDateTimeInstance(DateFormat.FULL, DateFormat.FULL);
out(fmt.format(new Date()));
// Monday, March 2, 2020 at 4:14:57 AM Central European Standard Time

SimpleDateFormat

java.text.SimpleDateFormat class formats dates as per the given pattern. It is also used to parse dates from a string where the string contains a date in the mentioned format.

―Given

Section image

and

static void out(Object str) {

    System.out.println(str);
	
}

―We have

// INTRO
String ptn = "dd-MM-yyyy";
SimpleDateFormat fmt = new SimpleDateFormat(ptn);
// Mon Mar 02 06:27:27 CET 2020
Date d = new Date();
out(d);
out(fmt.format(d));
// 02-03-2020
String dateText = "29-11-2017";
d = fmt.parse(dateText);
out(fmt.format(d));
// 29-11-2017




// LOCALE
Locale locale = new Locale("da", "DK");
ptn = "EEEEE MMMMM yyyy";
fmt = new SimpleDateFormat(ptn);
// Mon Mar 02 06:27:27 CET 2020
d = new Date();
out(d);
out(fmt.format(d));
// Monday March 2020
fmt = new SimpleDateFormat(ptn, locale);
out(fmt.format(d));
// mandag marts 2020




// PATTERN
ptn = "dd-MM-yy";
fmt = new SimpleDateFormat(ptn);
d = new Date();
out(fmt.format(d));
// 02-03-20
ptn = "MM-dd-yyyy";
fmt = new SimpleDateFormat(ptn);
out(fmt.format(d));
// 03-02-2020
ptn = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss";
fmt = new SimpleDateFormat(ptn);
out(fmt.format(d));
// 2020-03-02 06:27:27
ptn = "EEEEE MMMMM yyyy HH:mm:ss.SSSZ";
fmt = new SimpleDateFormat(ptn);
out(fmt.format(d));
// Monday March 2020 06:27:27.765+0100

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