🔸 TL;DR
The Chain of Responsibility pattern lets you pass a request along a chain of handlers, where each handler decides either to:
▪️ 🔁 Handle it
▪️ 📬 Pass it to the next handler
This keeps your code flexible, decoupled and extensible — you can add/remove behaviors without rewriting everything.
🔸 WHAT IS THE CHAIN OF RESPONSIBILITY?
▪️ A design pattern where multiple handlers get a chance to process the same request.
▪️ Each handler knows only the next one, not the whole chain.
▪️ The client sends the request to the first handler and doesn’t care who actually processes it.
🔸 TYPICAL USE CASES 💡
▪️ Request validation pipelines (e.g. auth → permissions → business rules).
▪️ Logging / monitoring layers.
▪️ HTTP middleware chains in web frameworks.
▪️ UI event handling (clicks bubbling up to parent components).
🔸 WHY USE IT? ✅
▪️ Single Responsibility: each handler does one thing well.
▪️ Open/Closed Principle: you add new handlers without touching existing ones.
▪️ Configurable flows: reorder or enable/disable handlers at runtime.
🔸 PITFALLS TO AVOID ⚠️
▪️ Chain too long ➜ debugging becomes painful.
▪️ No handler for a request ➜ define a default/fallback behavior.
▪️ Hidden control flow ➜ document the chain clearly (or visualize it).
🔸 KEY TAKEAWAYS 🧠
▪️ Think of it as a “pipeline of responsibilities”.
▪️ Great choice for validation, security, logging, cross-cutting concerns.
▪️ Keep each handler small, focused and testable.
▪️ Always define what happens if no one handles the request.
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